Five tips to improve your critical thinking - Samantha Agoos -TED-Ed
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یادگیری زبان انگلیسی با TED به همراه رونوشت انگلیسی
Every day, a sea of decisions stretches before us
Some are small and unimportant
but others have a larger impact on our lives
For example, which politician should I vote for
Should I try the latest diet craze
Or will email make me a millionaire
We're bombarded with so many decisions
that it's impossible to make a perfect choice every time
But there are many ways to improve our chances
and one particularly effective technique is critical thinking
This is a way of approaching a question
that allows us to carefully deconstruct a situation
reveal its hidden issues, such as bias and manipulation
and make the best decision
If the critical part sounds negative that's because in a way it is
Rather than choosing an answer because it feels right
a person who uses critical thinking
subjects all available options to scrutiny and skepticism
Using the tools at their disposal
they'll eliminate everything but the most useful and reliable information
There are many different ways of approaching critical thinking
but here's one five-step process
that may help you solve any number of problems
One: formulate your question
In other words, know what you're looking for
This isn't always as straightforward as it sounds
For example, if you're deciding whether to try out the newest diet craze
your reasons for doing so may be obscured by other factors
like claims that you'll see results in just two weeks
But if you approach the situation
with a clear view of what you're actually trying to accomplish by dieting
whether that's weight loss
better nutrition
or having more energy
that'll equip you to sift through this information critically
find what you're looking for
and decide whether the new fad really suits your needs
Two: gather your information
There's lots of it out there
so having a clear idea of your question will help you determine what's relevant
If you're trying to decide on a diet to improve your nutrition
you may ask an expert for their advice
or seek other people's testimonies
Information gathering helps you weigh different options
moving you closer to a decision that meets your goal
Three: apply the information
something you do by asking critical questions
Facing a decision, ask yourself, "What concepts are at work
"What assumptions exist
"Is my interpretation of the information logically sound
For example, in an email that promises you millions
you should consider, "What is shaping my approach to this situation
"Do I assume the sender is telling the truth
"Based on the evidence, is it logical to assume I'll win any money
Four: consider the implications
Imagine it's election time
and you've selected a political candidate based on their promise
to make it cheaper for drivers to fill up on gas
At first glance, that seems great
But what about the long-term environmental effects
If gasoline use is less restricted by cost
this could also cause a huge surge in air pollution
an unintended consequence that's important to think about
Five: explore other points of view
Ask yourself why so many people are drawn
to the policies of the opposing political candidate
Even if you disagree with everything that candidate says
exploring the full spectrum of viewpoints
might explain why some policies that don't seem valid to you appeal to others
This will allow you to explore alternatives
evaluate your own choices
and ultimately help you make more informed decisions
This five-step process is just one tool
and it certainly won't eradicate difficult decisions from our lives
But it can help us increase the number of positive choices we make
Critical thinking can give us the tools to sift through a sea of information
and find what we're looking for
And if enough of us use it
it has the power to make the world a more reasonable place
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