Ahmad Shah Massoud - 1953 -- September 9, 2001
By: Youssef Ahmadi - - - Facebook: YoussefAMD ...............................................................................................................................
Ahmad Shah Massoud (Persian: احمد شاه مسعود Aḥmad Šāh Mas'ūd; September 2, ) was a political and military leader in Afghanistan. He was a central figure, known as the "Lion of Panjshir" (شیر پنجشیر), in the resistance against the Soviet occupation between 1979 and 1989, served as the Defense Minister of Afghanistan against the militia of Gulbuddin Hekmatyar in the early 1990s, and led resistance against Mohammed Omar's Taliban regime between 1996 and 2001. Massoud was assassinated on September 9, 2001, two days before the attacks of September 11. His followers call him Āmir Sāhib-e Shahīd ("Our Beloved Martyred Commander").
Massoud was an Afghan-Tajik Sunni Muslim born in the Panjshir, Afghanistan. He studied engineering at Kabul University when he became involved in the anti-communist resistance. His role as a central leader against the Soviet invasion and occupation of Afghanistan earned him the nickname "Lion of Panjshir". Following the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan the Wall Street Journal named him "the Afghan who won the Cold War". In 1992, he was appointed Minister of Defense for the newly established Islamic State of Afghanistan by the peace and power-sharing agreement Peshawar Accord. He led the Islamic State's defense against attacks by Gulbuddin Hekmatyar's alliance of militias which were backed by Pakistan and other neighboring countries. Following the rise of the Taliban in 1996, Massoud, who rejected the Taliban's and Al-Qaeda's extremist interpretation of Islam, returned to the role of an armed opposition leader, serving as the military and political leader of the multiethnic United Islamic Front (also known in the West as Northern Alliance). In 1997, he helped end the civil war in neighboring Tajikistan urging parties to accept a United Nations peace plan.
Massoud was assassinated by two Arab suicide bombers, allegedly belonging to Al-Qaeda, in Afghanistan's Takhar Province on September 9, 2001, just two days before the September 11 attacks that finally caused the US and NATO to invade Afghanistan, allying themselves with Massoud's forces. His earlier effort, together with the most senior leaders of Afghanistan's ethnicities, at forging a wide coalition across political and ethnic factions were instrumental in preparing the ground for the ultimate overthrow of the Taliban in 2001 and the establishment of a multiethnic government.
Massoud was posthumously named "National Hero of Afghanistan" by order of Afghan President Hamid Karzai. The date of his death, September 9, is observed as a national holiday known as "Massoud Day" in Afghanistan. Many of his followers see him not only as a military commander but also as a spiritual leader. In 2002, he was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize.
Ahmad Shah Massoud (Persian: احمد شاه مسعود Aḥmad Šāh Mas'ūd; September 2, ) was a political and military leader in Afghanistan. He was a central figure, known as the "Lion of Panjshir" (شیر پنجشیر), in the resistance against the Soviet occupation between 1979 and 1989, served as the Defense Minister of Afghanistan against the militia of Gulbuddin Hekmatyar in the early 1990s, and led resistance against Mohammed Omar's Taliban regime between 1996 and 2001. Massoud was assassinated on September 9, 2001, two days before the attacks of September 11. His followers call him Āmir Sāhib-e Shahīd ("Our Beloved Martyred Commander").
Massoud was an Afghan-Tajik Sunni Muslim born in the Panjshir, Afghanistan. He studied engineering at Kabul University when he became involved in the anti-communist resistance. His role as a central leader against the Soviet invasion and occupation of Afghanistan earned him the nickname "Lion of Panjshir". Following the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan the Wall Street Journal named him "the Afghan who won the Cold War". In 1992, he was appointed Minister of Defense for the newly established Islamic State of Afghanistan by the peace and power-sharing agreement Peshawar Accord. He led the Islamic State's defense against attacks by Gulbuddin Hekmatyar's alliance of militias which were backed by Pakistan and other neighboring countries. Following the rise of the Taliban in 1996, Massoud, who rejected the Taliban's and Al-Qaeda's extremist interpretation of Islam, returned to the role of an armed opposition leader, serving as the military and political leader of the multiethnic United Islamic Front (also known in the West as Northern Alliance). In 1997, he helped end the civil war in neighboring Tajikistan urging parties to accept a United Nations peace plan.
Massoud was assassinated by two Arab suicide bombers, allegedly belonging to Al-Qaeda, in Afghanistan's Takhar Province on September 9, 2001, just two days before the September 11 attacks that finally caused the US and NATO to invade Afghanistan, allying themselves with Massoud's forces. His earlier effort, together with the most senior leaders of Afghanistan's ethnicities, at forging a wide coalition across political and ethnic factions were instrumental in preparing the ground for the ultimate overthrow of the Taliban in 2001 and the establishment of a multiethnic government.
Massoud was posthumously named "National Hero of Afghanistan" by order of Afghan President Hamid Karzai. The date of his death, September 9, is observed as a national holiday known as "Massoud Day" in Afghanistan. Many of his followers see him not only as a military commander but also as a spiritual leader. In 2002, he was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize.
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