Human Skull- Cranial & Facial Bones
For the first lecture of Human skeletal system
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Human Skeleton System ( Skeletal syst...
The skull is a bony structure that supports the face and forms a protective cavity for the brain. It is comprised of many bones, which are formed by intramembranous ossification, and joined by sutures (fibrous joints).
The bones of the skull can be considered as two groups: those of the cranium (which consist of the cranial roof and cranial base) and those of the face.
In this article, we shall look at the anatomy of the bones of the skull – their orientation, articulations, and clinical relevance.
Cranium
The cranium (also known as the neurocranium) is formed by the superior aspect of the skull. It encloses and protects the brain, meninges, and cerebral vasculature.
Anatomically, the cranium can be subdivided into a roof and a base:
Cranial roof – comprised of the frontal, occipital and two parietal bones. It is also known as the calvarium.
Cranial base – comprised of six bones: frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, occipital, parietal and temporal. These bones articulate with the 1st cervical vertebra (atlas), the facial bones, and the mandible (jaw).
Face
The facial skeleton (also known as the viscerocranium) supports the soft tissues of the face.
It consists of 14 bones, which fuse to house the orbits of the eyes, the nasal and oral cavities, and the sinuses. The frontal bone, typically a bone of the calvaria, is sometimes included as part of the facial skeleton.
The facial bones are:
Zygomatic (2) – forms the cheek bones of the face and articulates with the frontal, sphenoid, temporal and maxilla bones.
Lacrimal (2) – the smallest bones of the face. They form part of the medial wall of the orbit.
Nasal (2) – two slender bones that are located at the bridge of the nose.
Inferior nasal conchae (2) – located within the nasal cavity, these bones increase the surface area of the nasal cavity, thus increasing the amount of inspired air that can come into contact with the cavity walls.
Palatine (2) – situated at the rear of oral cavity and forms part of the hard palate.
Maxilla (2) – comprises part of the upper jaw and hard palate.
Vomer – forms the posterior aspect of the nasal septum.
Mandible (jaw) – articulates with the base of the cranium at the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).
Link👇🏻👇🏻👇🏻
Human Skeleton System ( Skeletal syst...
The skull is a bony structure that supports the face and forms a protective cavity for the brain. It is comprised of many bones, which are formed by intramembranous ossification, and joined by sutures (fibrous joints).
The bones of the skull can be considered as two groups: those of the cranium (which consist of the cranial roof and cranial base) and those of the face.
In this article, we shall look at the anatomy of the bones of the skull – their orientation, articulations, and clinical relevance.
Cranium
The cranium (also known as the neurocranium) is formed by the superior aspect of the skull. It encloses and protects the brain, meninges, and cerebral vasculature.
Anatomically, the cranium can be subdivided into a roof and a base:
Cranial roof – comprised of the frontal, occipital and two parietal bones. It is also known as the calvarium.
Cranial base – comprised of six bones: frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, occipital, parietal and temporal. These bones articulate with the 1st cervical vertebra (atlas), the facial bones, and the mandible (jaw).
Face
The facial skeleton (also known as the viscerocranium) supports the soft tissues of the face.
It consists of 14 bones, which fuse to house the orbits of the eyes, the nasal and oral cavities, and the sinuses. The frontal bone, typically a bone of the calvaria, is sometimes included as part of the facial skeleton.
The facial bones are:
Zygomatic (2) – forms the cheek bones of the face and articulates with the frontal, sphenoid, temporal and maxilla bones.
Lacrimal (2) – the smallest bones of the face. They form part of the medial wall of the orbit.
Nasal (2) – two slender bones that are located at the bridge of the nose.
Inferior nasal conchae (2) – located within the nasal cavity, these bones increase the surface area of the nasal cavity, thus increasing the amount of inspired air that can come into contact with the cavity walls.
Palatine (2) – situated at the rear of oral cavity and forms part of the hard palate.
Maxilla (2) – comprises part of the upper jaw and hard palate.
Vomer – forms the posterior aspect of the nasal septum.
Mandible (jaw) – articulates with the base of the cranium at the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).
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